1. Steady-state absorption and emission spectrometers

Technique 

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Steady-state absorption uses a continuous-wave beam of light to irradiate the sample and the fraction of light absorbed is determined through transmission or reflectance measurements. Steady-state emission techniques measure the electromagnetic radiation emitted upon deactivation of excited states. A series of instruments able to record steady-state absorption, emission and excitation and anisotropy spectra of samples in liquid and solid states. The detection wavelength range spreads from 200 to 1600 nm

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Units  

PTI QuantaMaster 40, Horiba Jobin-Yvon Spex Fluorolog-3, Perkin Elmer Lambda 40

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Instrument type

commercial

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Complexity level

basic

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Applications

Determining the absorption and emission spectra of a photoactive sample is the first step in the spectroscopic and photophysical characterization of a sample. It also assists in identification and characterization of the molecular entities involved in the processes that are investigated: excited states, intermediates, and photoproducts.